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Introduction

Winter brings a unique set of challenges for trucking operations, especially when hauling frozen, refrigerated, or otherwise perishable freight. While many carriers assume cold weather automatically protects temperature-sensitive cargo, winter conditions can actually increase the risk of cargo loss. Equipment failures, improper temperature management, and policy exclusions can leave drivers and fleets exposed if they don’t fully understand their cargo coverage.

This guide breaks down how cargo insurance applies to frozen, refrigerated, and perishable freight during winter, what risks insurers look for, and how to protect both your load and your coverage.

What Is Cargo Coverage?

Cargo coverage is designed to protect motor carriers and owner-operators from financial loss when freight is damaged, destroyed, or lost while in transit. Standard motor truck cargo policies cover specific causes of loss, but coverage varies significantly when it comes to temperature-sensitive freight.

For refrigerated (reefer) and perishable loads, coverage often depends on:

• The cause of the loss
• Proper operation of refrigeration equipment
• Accurate documentation and temperature records
• Policy endorsements or exclusions

Why Winter Is Riskier for Refrigerated & Perishable Freight

Cold weather does not eliminate temperature risk—it changes it. During winter, insurers commonly see claims related to:

1. Reefer Unit Failures

Extreme cold can cause reefer units to malfunction, shut down, or freeze fuel lines. If a unit fails due to poor maintenance, coverage may be denied.

2. Frozen Cargo Damage

Some products are not meant to freeze. Produce, pharmaceuticals, beverages, and certain chemicals can be ruined by exposure to freezing temperatures—even if the outside air is cold.

3. Improper Temperature Settings

Running a reefer incorrectly (continuous vs. start-stop) during winter can cause temperature swings that lead to spoilage or freezing.

4. Weather Delays

Snowstorms and road closures increase transit times. Extended delays can result in cargo deterioration, which may not be covered unless delay coverage is specifically endorsed.

Frozen vs. Refrigerated vs. Perishable Freight: Coverage Differences

Frozen Freight

Frozen freight (such as ice cream or frozen meats) typically requires strict temperature ranges. Cargo policies may cover frozen goods only if:

• The reefer unit was functioning properly
• Temperatures were maintained and documented
• The loss resulted from a covered peril (e.g., accident)

Mechanical breakdown without proper endorsements is often excluded.

Refrigerated Freight

Refrigerated freight is more sensitive than frozen cargo. Even slight temperature deviations can cause damage. Insurers may require:

• Proof of temperature monitoring
• Regular reefer maintenance records
• A refrigeration breakdown endorsement

Without these, claims may be denied.

Perishable Freight

Perishable freight is typically the most restricted category. Many standard cargo policies exclude spoilage unless caused by a covered accident (like a rollover or collision). Losses due to:

• Freezing
• Delay
• Equipment failure

are often excluded unless additional coverage is purchased.

Common Cargo Insurance Exclusions in Winter

Understanding exclusions is critical. Common winter-related exclusions include:

• Mechanical or electrical breakdown of reefer units
• Freezing damage (unless endorsed)
• Spoilage due to delay
• Improper temperature settings
• Failure to pre-cool trailer

If you haul refrigerated or perishable freight regularly, relying on a basic cargo policy can be a costly mistake.

How to Protect Your Cargo and Your Coverage

1. Verify Your Policy Endorsements

Make sure your cargo policy includes:

• Refrigeration breakdown coverage
• Freeze damage coverage (if applicable)
• Adequate limits for high-value loads

2. Maintain Reefer Equipment

Insurers expect documented maintenance. Poor upkeep is a leading reason claims are denied.

3. Monitor and Record Temperatures

Use temperature monitoring systems and keep records. Documentation can make or break a claim.

4. Understand Load Requirements

Know whether the freight should be frozen, chilled, or protected from freezing and set your reefer accordingly.

5. Plan for Winter Delays

Build buffer time into routes and communicate early with shippers and brokers if delays occur.

Why Working With a Cargo Insurance Specialist Matters

Cargo insurance for refrigerated and perishable freight is not one-size-fits-all. Policies vary widely, and small details can have big financial consequences. Working with an insurance partner who understands winter hauling risks and reefer operations can help ensure your coverage actually responds when you need it.

Final Thoughts

Winter can be deceptive for frozen, refrigerated, and perishable freight. Cold weather doesn’t guarantee protection and in many cases, it increases exposure. Understanding your cargo coverage, knowing your exclusions, and preparing your equipment are essential steps to avoiding denied claims and costly losses.

If you haul temperature-sensitive freight, now is the time to review your cargo insurance and make sure it’s built for winter conditions not just fair weather.